Earthquake is a vibration or shock that occurs on the surface of the earth. Earthquakes are usually caused by movement of the earth's crust or plates.
This type of earthquake :
1. volcanic earthquakes : occurs as a result of magma activity, which usually occurs before the volcano erupted.
2. tectonic earthquake : results from a sudden s
hift of tectonic plates that have the f
orce of the very small to very large.
3. earthquake collision : collision caused by a meteor or asteroid that fell to earth
4. artificial earthquake : results from the existence of human activity, such as dynamite blasting, nuclear.
cause of the earthquake :
1. tectonic processes, due to the movement of tectonic plates
2. the fault in the earth's surface
3. geomorphology movement locally
4. volcanic activity
5. nuclear explosion
the earthquake process :
Oceanic plate is a larger mass meeting when collide with continental crust in collision zones (subduction) will infiltrate downwards. Plate movement would experience deceleration due to friction of the sheath of the earth. Slowing motion that causes the accumulation of energy in the subduction zone and fault zones.
Result in zones that happens the pressure, tension, and shear. At the plat
e elasticity limit is exceeded, then there was a rock fracture that was followed by energy loss of a sudden. This process menimbukan vibration of particles in all directi
ons, called the earthquake waves.
effect of earthquake :
1. Shaking and ground rupture
Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures.
2. Landslides and avalanches
Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard.
3. Fires
Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines.
4. Soil liquefaction
Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water-saturated granular material (such as sand) temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid.
5. Tsunami
6. Flood
Floods occur usually when the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, exceeds the total capacity of the formation, and as a result some of the water flows or sits outside of the normal perimeter of the body. However, floods may be secondary effects of earthquakes, if dams are damaged.
7. Tidal forces
8. Human impact
handling of the earthquake :
1. in the house
got under the table to protect the body from falling objects. if no table, protect your head with a pillow and immediately t
urn off the stove to prevent fires
2. at school
immediately take cover under a table, protect your head with a bag or a book and do not panic.
3. outdoors
avoid office or industrial areas and billboard
4. in buildings, malls, cinemas and the ground floor mall
try not to panic and listen for instructions from the officer or security guard
5. in the elevator
while in the elevator, then press all the buttons. and immediately exit when the elevator has stopped.
6. on the train
stick to the pole and be calm
7. in the car
try to stay away from the crossing and P
ull off the road on the left of the road and get out of the car
8. in the mountains or beach
right away a safer place.
.jpg)